Comorbidities and functional impairments in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess comorbidities and functional impairments in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to investigate their relationship with the core symptoms (attention deficit and hyperactivity) of ADHD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 319 children with suspected ADHD were included in the study. The Vanderbilt ADHD Parent Rating Scale (VADPRS) was completed by their parents. Diagnosis and classification were performed based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition. Comorbidities and functional impairments were evaluated according to the VADPRS. Children with various types of ADHD were compared in terms of comorbidities and functional impairments, and their relationship with the core symptoms of ADHD was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 319 children, 196 were diagnosed with ADHD, including 84 cases of predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-I), 35 cases of predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type (ADHD-HI) and 77 cases of combined type (ADHD-C); 123 did not meet the diagnostic criteria for ADHD. At least one other psychiatric disorder (oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder or emotional disorder) was seen in 63.8% (125/196) of the children with ADHD, versus 37.4 % (46/123) of the children without ADHD (P<0.05). The incidence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in the ADHD-C subgroup was significantly higher than in the ADHD-I subgroup (P<0.05). The sums of oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder and emotional disorder symptoms were weakly correlated with the sums of hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive symptoms (P<0.01). Up to 89.8% of children with ADHD and 74.8% of children without ADHD showed functional impairments (P<0.05). The ADHD-C subgroup had a significantly higher overall incidence of functional impairments than the ADHD-I and ADHD-HI subgroups (P<0.05). The sum of inattentive symptoms was weakly correlated with the scores of learning ability, sibling relationship and participation in organized activities (P<0.01), and the sum of hyperactive-impulsive symptoms was weakly correlated with the score of sibling relationship (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The incidence of comorbidities and functional impairments among children with ADHD is high, especially in those with ADHD-C. The severity of core symptoms in children with ADHD can influence the occurrence of comorbidities and functional impairments. The incidence of psychiatric disorders and functional impairments is also high in children with suspected ADHD who do not meet the diagnostic criteria for ADHD, so attention also needs to be paid to interventions among these children.</p>

Diagnostic value of Vanderbilt ADHD Parent Rating Scale in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the value of the Vanderbilt ADHD Parent Rating Scale (VADPRS) in the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>VADPRS were completed by parents of 319 children with suspected ADHD. The children were then evaluated by a specialist based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) and 196 of them were diagnosed with ADHD. The value of VADPRS in the diagnosis of attention deficit and hyperactivity was evaluated using ROC curves. Diagnostic evaluation indexes at best operating point were calculated. Kappa values were calculated to explore the consistency of items in VADPRS and corresponding items in the DSM-IV criteria.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The area under the ROC curve for the diagnosis of attention deficit by VADPRS was 0.791. At the best operating point, its sensitivity was 0.83, specificity was 0.63, positive predictive value was 0.69 and negative predictive value was 0.79. The area under the ROC curve for the diagnosis of hyperactivity by VADPRS was 0.855. At the best operating point, its sensitivity was 0.82, specificity was 0.76, positive predictive value was 0.65, and negative predictive value was 0.88. The negative predictive value of VADPRS in general population screen was 0.99, based on the results of this study. The consistency of items in the VADPRS and corresponding items in DSM-Ⅳ criteria was poor, with the Kappa value of most items being less than 0.40.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>VADPRS is suitable for a general population screen for ADHD and it is helpful in the clinical diagnosis of ADHD, but its results can be influenced by parents' awareness and perception of children's behavior, and cannot replace the interview and judgment of professionals.</p>

A survey of neonatal births in maternity departments in urban China in 2005 / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the epidemiology of births in urban China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective study was conducted on neonates born in 2005 in the maternity departments of 72 urban hospitals from 22 provinces in China.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 45722 infants born between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2005 were enrolled. The male to female sex ratio was 1.13:1. Preterm births accounted for 8.1%. The incidence of very low birth weight infants was 0.7%. A total of 99.7% of mothers delivering at term had conceived naturally and 0.3% had experienced assisted reproduction. A total of 98.4% of mothers who delivered preterm had conceived naturally and 1.6% had experienced assisted reproduction. The proportion of vaginal deliveries was 50.8% compared to 49.2% delivered by cesarean sections. Many cesarean sections (38.1%) were due to social factors. Infants with an Apgar score≤7 at 1 minute accounted for 4.8%, and 1.6% of infants had an Apgar score≤7 at 5 minutes. Of all the infants included in the study, 7.14% were admitted to neonatal units for treatment. The death rate of all included infants was 0.74%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The proportion of preterm births was higher in 2005 than in 2002-2003. The proportion of cesarean section deliveries was much higher in urban China than in most other Asian countries and America.</p>

An epidemiologic investigation of newborns from obstetric departments in the central south region of China / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the birth information of newborn infants from obstetric departments in the Central South Region of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective investigation was carried out in 15582 newborns from obstetric departments of 23 hospitals in the Central South Region of China between January 1 and December 31 of 2005.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sex ratio (male/female) of neonates was 1.16∶1. The proportion of preterm infants was 8.11%. The very low birth weight infants accounted for 0.73%. The neonates born by spontaneous labor accounted for 57.52%. Cesarean sections accounted for 40.82% (social factor of cesarean section: 29.91%). The incidence of neonatal asphyxia was 3.78%, in which 0.75% of the cases were severe asphyxia. The mortality of newborn infants was 0.55%, in which the mortality of preterm infants was 5.56%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The proportion of preterm infants and the incidence of neonatal asphyxia is high in the Central South Region of China. The proportion of births delivered by cesarean section is high, and social factors are probably responsible for the high rate.</p>

Effect of hyperbaric oxygen administered at different pressures and different exposure time on differentiation of neural stem cells in vitro / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) administered at different pressures and different exposure time on the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cerebral cortices from newborn rats (0-3 days old) were sterilely collected, digested, and centrifuged. After removal of the supernatant, the cells were re-suspended with DMEM/F12 medium containing B27, bFGF and EGF. The NSCs of 2-3 passages were randomly divided into seven groups: a control (untreated) and 6 HBO treatment groups that NSCs were subjected to HBO treatment of different pressures (1, 2 or 3 ATA) and different exposure time (30 or 60 minutes). The differentiated NSCs were examined by neuron-specific enolase (NSE) immunocytochemistry 24 hrs later. Percentage of NSE positive cells differentiated from NSCs was assessed by fluorescent microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The percentage of NSE positive cells differentiated from NSCs was the highest in the HBO 2ATA-60 min group (9.17+/-0.50%) (P<0.01), followed by the HBO 3ATA-60 min (7.89+/-0.62%), HBO 2ATA-30 min (6.72+/-0.76%), HBO 3ATA-30 min (6.08+/-0.57%), HBO 1ATA-60 min (5.45+/-0.52%), HBO 1ATA 30 min (3.85+/-0.44%) and control groups (3.72+/-0.88%). In addition to the HBO 1ATA-30 min group, the other HBO treatment groups had increased significantly percentage of NSE positive cells compared with the control group (P<0.01). Under the same pressure, the 60 min treatment groups had increased significantly percentage of NSE positive cells compared with the 30 min treatment groups (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HBO treatment (2 ATA, 60 minutes) produces a best effect in the differentiation of NSCs into neurons.</p>

Protective effects of delayed multiple course hyperbaric oxygen treatment against hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the protective effects of multiple course hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment against hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in neonatal rats when HBO treatment is delayed (96 hrs after the HIBD event).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-eight 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat pups were randomly assigned to control, HIBD and HBO groups. The HBO group was subdivided into cohorts receiving treatment 2 h, 48 h and 96 h, respectively, after HIBD was induced. The three subgroups comprising different therapeutic windows were further randomly assigned to receive 1, 2 or 3 courses of HBO treatment ("HBO-1, -2 and -3 sub-groups"). HBO was administered once daily (2 ATA), a course lasting for seven days. There was an interval of three days between the courses. All pups were sacrificed at the end of HBO treatment (31 days after HIBD). TUNEL staining was used for testing neuronal apoptosis in the cortex and the CA1 of the hippocampus, and NSE staining was used to ascertain cortical neuronal population.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1.There were significantly more TUNEL positive cells in the HIBD group than in the control group; NSE positive cells were significantly lower than in controls (P<0.01). 2. With the more delayed therapeutic window, the effects of apoptosis inhibition and neuronal protection of a single course of HBO were gradually reduced. 3. With increasing courses of HBO treatment, the effects of apoptosis inhibition and neuronal protection of HBO increased gradually in rats receiving treatment 48 and 96 hrs after HIBD. In the HBO group receiving treatment 2 hrs after HIBD, the number of apoptotic cells and NSE positive cells were close to that of the control group after one course of HBO treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>One course of HBO administered within 2 hrs after HIBD can effectively inhibit neuron apoptosis and protect neurons. The effects of apoptosis inhibition and neuron protection of HBO can be increased through increasing the number of HBO treatment courses in neonatal rats with HIBD even if initiation of treatment is delayed after HIBD.</p>

Investigation of birth state and disease spectrum in 1,434 hospitalized neonates / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the birth state of neonates and the disease spectrum of hospitalized neonates from a primary hospital, and compare with the national data of the same period.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective investigation was carried out in 1,434 neonates born or hospitalized in this hospital from January 2005 to December 2005.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the investigation period, there were 1,100 neonates born in the department of obstetrics. The incidence of premature birth was 2.3%. The caesarean birth accounted for 54.2%, significantly higher than the national average (49.2%, p<0.01). The neonatal mortality was 0.2%. The incidences of antepartum hemorrhage, threatened abortion, and pregnancy infection in preterm infant' s mothers were significantly higher than those in full-term infant' s mothers. A total of 344 neonates were admitted to the department of pediatrics during the investigation period. Preterm infants accounted for 38.0% which was higher than the national average (26.2%; p<0.01). Beside preterm infants, asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), sepsis and intracranial hemorrhage were shown to have a significantly higher proportion than the national averages. The mortality of hospitalized neonates was 0.9%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The higher cesarean section rate should be controlled in our hospital. Prenatal health care and fetal monitoring should be strengthened to decrease the incidence of premature birth, RDS, sepsis and intracranial hemorrhage, thus reducing the mortality of neonates.</p>

Hyperbaric oxygen promotes the migration and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment on the migration and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal control (CON), the HIBD model and the HBO groups (HBO treatment was administered at 2 ATA, once daily for 7 days within 3 hrs after HIBD). HIBD model was prepared according to the classic Rice-Vannucci method. BrdU/DCX, BrdU/beta-tubulin, BrdU/GFAP and BrdU/O4 immunofluorescence were examined by confocal microscopy in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the cortex 7, 14 and 28 days after HBO treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The BrdU(+)DCX(+) cells in the SVZ (84 +/- 21 cells/mm2) in the HBO group were significantly higher than those in the CON group (39 +/- 14 cells/mm2) (p<0.05) and the HIBD model group (68 +/- 17 cells/mm2) (p<0.05) 7 days after HBO treatment. Fourteen days after HBO treatment, the BrdU(+) DCX(+) cells decreased in the SVZ and more cells were observed in the cortex in the HBO group as compared with the CON group (p<0.01). The BrdU(+) beta-tubulin(+), BrdU(+)GFAP(+) and BrdU(+) O4(+) cells were observed in the cortex, and more BrdU(+)beta-tubulin(+) and BrdU(+) O4(+) cells were observed in the HBO group as compared with the CON and the HIBD model groups (p<0.05) 28 days after HBO treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HBO treatment may promote endogenous NSCs to migrate to the cortex and differentiate into mature neurocytes in neonatal rats with HIBD.</p>

Indexes of forensic identification by the digital orthopantomogram of the normal teeth / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore more concise and unified forensic identification indexes for people with none dental disease in digital orthopantomogram.@*METHODS@#To select randomly 170 digital orthopantomogram with none dental disease. Then to select indexes for full dentition patterns and dental alignment patterns according to the dental physiological variations and the characters of dental alignment respectively. Finally diversity of the indexes would be evaluated by statistical analysis.@*RESULTS@#The group with none dental disease had 74 kinds of full dentition pattern in 170 samples, thus its diversity was 43.53%. The group had 129 kinds of dental alignment pattern, thus its diversity was 75.88%. The group had 150 kinds of full dentition/dental alignment pattern, thus its diversity was 88.24%.@*CONCLUSION@#The diversity of the full dentition pattern was not very good. So the full dentition coding was not very effective when it was used solely. The diversity of dental alignment pattern was good. So the method of dental alignment coding could be used in the maxillofacial forensic identification. If the group was coded by the full dentition and dental alignment pattern at the same time, its diversity was better than any single pattern. So the method would be valuable in forensic identification.

Effect of intracerebral transplantation of rat bone marrow stromal cells on brain white matter of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of intracerebral transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on brain white matter of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-four 7-day-old neonatal rats were randomly assigned to three groups: normal control (n=10), HIBD (n=12) and HIBD+BMSCs transplantation (n=12). The HIBD and the HIBD+BMSCs transplantation group rats were subjected to left carotid artery ligation, followed by hypoxia exposure for 2 hrs, in order to induce HIBD. The rats in the HIBD+BMSCs transplantation group received transplantation of BMSCs labeled nucleus with Hochest 33324 into the left hippocampus 24 hrs after HIBD induction. Myelin basic protein (MBP) expression in the left corpus callosum and the subcortical white matter and the number of oligodendrocyte precursors positively stained O4 in the left periventricular area and the subcortical white matter were detected by immunohistochemistry at ages of 45 days.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The labeled BMSCs survived and were found mainly in the left hemisphere 37 days after transplantation. The positive rate of O4 expressed by the transplanted BMSCs was 3.70+/-1.09%. More hypomyelination in the left corpus callosum and the subcortical white matter, and less number of O4 positive oligodendrocytes in the left periventricular area and the subcortical white matter were found in the HIBD group compared with the normal control group (P<0.01). The HIBD rats receiving BMSCs transplantation had increased O4 positive oligodendrocytes in the left periventricular area and the subcortical white matter and improved MBP immunoreactivity in the left corpus callosum and the subcortical white matter compared with the HIBD group (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Intracerebral transplantation of BMSCs can improve brain white matter damage in neonatal rats with HIBD.</p>

Changes of Wnt-3 protein during the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage after hyperbaric oxygen therapy / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Previous studies suggest that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment promotes the proliferation of neurocytes in neonatal rats following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). The Wnt signaling pathway is associated with neurogenesis. This study examined whether HBO promoted neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferation after HIBD, and whether that the proliferation correlated with Wnt-3 protein expression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control, hypoxia-ischemia (HI), and HI-HBO. HI was induced by the ligation of left common carotid artery, followed by a 2-hr exposure to 8% O2 in the latter two groups. HBO was administered 3 hrs after HI in the HI-HBO group for continuous 7 days (2 atmospheres absolute, once daily). The proliferating NSCs in the subventricular zone (SVZ) was examined by BrdU/nestin immunofluorescence and the expression of Wnt-3 protein in NSCs was examined by nestin/Wnt-3 immunofluorescence at 6 and 24 hrs and at 3, 7 and 14 days of HI. The cellular expressions of nestin and Wnt-3 protein were analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between cellular Wnt-3 and nestin protein. The expressions of nestin and Wnt-3 protein in the ischemic cerebral hemisphere were analyzed with Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The number of BrdU/nestin positive cells in the SVZ increased 3 hrs after HBO therapy, peaked at 7 days and remained at a higher level until 14 days after HBO therapy in the HI-HBO group compared with the normal control and the HIBD groups. The level of Wnt-3 protein in NSCs increased significantly 3 hrs after HBO therapy, peaked at 3 days and remained at high levels until 14 days after HBO therapy in the HI-HBO group compared with the normal control and the HIBD groups. The level of cellular nestin protein was closely correlated with the level of cellular Wnt-3 protein (r = 0.893, P < 0.05). The Western blotting analysis demonstrated increased Wnt-3 and nestin protein expressions in the ischemic cerebral hemispheres.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HBO treatment promotes the proliferation of NSCs in HIBD neonatal rats, which is correlated with the activation of Wnt signaling.</p>

Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy administered at different time on white matter damage following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>A recent study has suggested that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy administered within 3 hrs following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) may alleviate brain white matter damage (WMD) in neonatal rats. However it is unclear whether a delayed HBO therapy (more than 3 hrs following HIBD) has neuroprotective effects in neonatal rats. This study aimed to explore the effect of HBO therapy administered at different time points following HIBD on WMD in neonatal rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The HIBD model was prepared according to the Rice-Vannucci procedure in 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. HBO therapy was administered at 3, 6, 12, 24 or 72 hrs after HIBD, once daily for consecutive 7 days. T-maze test, the foot-fault test and the radial arm maze test were performed after 14 days of HIBD. Myelin basic protein (MBP) in the callositas and corpora striata was examined by immunohistochemical method 28 days after HIBD.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rats receiving HBO therapy at 3, 6 and 12 hrs after HIBD performed significantly better in the T-maze test, the radial arm maze test and the foot-fault test than the untreated HIBD rats. There were no significant differences in the behavioral test results between the HBO-treated groups administered HBO at 24 and 72 hrs after HIBD and the untreated HIBD group. The MBP expression in the HBO-treated groups treated within 12 hrs after HIBD was significantly higher than that in the untreated HIBD group (P < 0.05). When the HBO therapeutic window was delayed to 24 hrs after HIBD, there were no significant differences in the MBP expression between the HBO-treated and the untreated HIBD groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HBO therapy administered within 12 hrs following HIBD can alleviate brain WMD in neonatal rats, but the efficacy of HBO therapy administered 24 hrs after HIBD does not appear to be satisfactory.</p>

The immunoregulatory function of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on allogeneic B lymphocytes / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the immunoregulatory function of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on allogeneic B lymphocytes in vitro, and explore its possible mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human MSCs were isolated from bone marrow and expanded in vitro. The purity of MSCs were identified with the spindle fibroblastic morphology by micro-photograph and the phenotype by flow cytometry. MSCs were irradiated with 20 Gy of gamma ray to abolish proliferative capacity. The change of activated B cells proliferative capability and apoptosis with or without MSCs were examined. The effect of MSCs on activated B cells proliferation was compared between transwell cultures and non-transwell cultures. The IgG, IgA and IgM productions of B cells and the immune molecules expression with or without MSCs were assessed. RESULTS (1) MSCs could not induce the proliferation of B lymphocytes, but could suppress LPS activated B lymphocytes proliferation. (2) With the number of MSCs increased, a dose-dependent inhibitory effect was observed in B cell proliferation. MSCs could not induce B cells apoptosis. The activated B cells proliferation with MSCs in transwell culture was decreased, suggesting that MSCs inhibition of B cells might be mediated both by cell-to-cell contact and soluble factors. (3) MSCs suppressed the IgG, IgA and IgM production of B cells, but not suppressed the immune molecules HLA-DR, CD40, CD80 and CD86 expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bone marrow MSCs can suppress allogeneic B lymphocytes proliferation and its secretion in vitro.</p>

Differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells into neural cells induced by hypoxic-ischemic brain tissue extracts in neonate rats / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of brain tissue extracts in neonate rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) on the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) into neural cells.@*METHODS@#Fifteen 7-day-old neonate rats were induced HIBD by left carotid artery ligation and hypoxia exposure, and another 15-day-old neonate rats were served as normal rats. The left and right brain tissue extracts of the normal and HIBD rats were prepared 24 h after the HIBD (8-day old), 72 h after the HIBD (10-day old), and 7 d after the HIBD (14-day old), respectively (n=5). The rat BMSCs of passage 3-5 were cultured in the medium with or without previous brain tissue extracts. The expressions of neuron specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and O(4) marked oligodendrocyte were detected after 3 days by immunocytochemistry.@*RESULTS@#The expressions of NSE, GFAP and O(4) of BMSCs cultured in the medium with left or right brain tissue extracts of different day old normal rats were higher than those of BMSCs cultured without the extracts, respectively (P<0.01), and the expressions of NSE, GFAP and O(4) of BMSCs cultured in the medium with left brain tissue extracts of 8 day old and 10 day old HIBD rats were higher than those of BMSCs cultured with right brain tissue extracts of the same day HIBD rats and BMSCs cultured with left or right brain tissue extracts of the same day normal rats (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The expressions of NSE, GFAP and O(4) of BMSCs cultured in the medium with left brain tissue extracts of 8-day-old HIBD rats were higher than those of BMSCs cultured with left brain tissue extracts of 10-day-old and 14-day-old HIBD rats (P<0.01 or P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The brain tissue extracts of normal and HIBD rats can induce BMSCS into neural cells, and the damaged brain tissue extracts of 8-day-old HIBD rats is the best inductor.

Congenital hyperinsulinism: a difficult and complicated case study / 中国当代儿科杂志

This paper reported a case of congenital hyperinsulinism and reviewed the relevant literatures regarding to the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical and pathological features, diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. The baby (male), with gestational age of 36 weeks and birth weight 4,200 g, was delivered by caesarean section. It presented with hypoglycemia immediately after birth (0.8 mmol/L). Through the course of the disease, the baby's blood sugar manifested with 1.2-2.8 mmol/L although glucocorticoid was administered. 10% glucose solutions were intravenously infused at a speed of 10-17 mg/(kg x min) for this patient to retain a stable blood sugar level. The plasma insulin level was 24.13 U/L and blood sugar level was 1.5 mmol/L on day 30 of his life. The ratio of plasma insulin (U/L) and plasma glucose (mg/dL) was 0.89. These results suggest an inappropriate insulin secretion resulting in persistent hypoglycemia in this baby and so it was definitely diagnosed with congenital hyperinsulinism.

Factors influencing successful isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord blood / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Emerging evidences suggest that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) and cultured in vitro, the same as the MSCs derived from bone marrow. However previous attempts to isolate MSCs from UCB showed a low rate of success (less than 30%). The present study was conducted to clarify the factors that influence the yields of MSCs from HUCB of different gestational age deliveries and to observe the bioactivity of MSCs derived from UCB.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HUCB units were divided into three groups: gestational age (GA) 40 w group (n = 11); GA 36 w group (n = 6); GA 32 w or less than 32 w group (n = 5), cultured with optimal culture conditions. The relationship of the yields of MSCs derived from HUCB with several factors such as GA, the collected volume of HUCB and the mononuclear cells (MNCs) count of UCB, and the relationship among these factors were investigated. The bioactivity was observed by drawing the growth curve, calculating the population doubling, counting the fibroblast colony forming units (CFU-F) and detecting the surface antigen expression of MSCs by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The success rate of generating MSCs cells was up to 54.5%. There were some correlations between the success rate and such factors as the MNCs count, the GA and the volume of UCB. The rate could be enhanced to 83.3% when the MNCs count was more than 1.25 x 10(8)/L. There was a negative correlation between the MNCs count in the same HUCB volume and the gestational age. The count of CFU-F varied with gestational age, the count of CFU-F was higher in smaller gestational age than the older. In the primary culture some cells displayed a fibroblast-like morphology and expressed MSCs-related antigens CD29, CD105, and the expression rate of these antigens were enhanced from 62.1% to 85.0% in one passage. The hematopoietic cells antigens CD34 and CD45 were less than 3% all the time.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The success rate could be increased when the MNCs count was more then 1.25 x 10(8)/L. There was a negative correlation between the MNCs count of the same UCB volume and the gestational age, the activity to form the CFU-F of UCB varied with gestational age; isolation of MSCs from UCB of pre-term deliveries may be relatively easier as compared to those from full term deliveries.</p>

Relationship between Changes of Umbilical Blood Biochemical Indexes and Fetal Distress / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the changes of umbilical blood lactate,pH, blood sugar(BS),bilirubin, electrolyte, osmotic pressure (OP) in the newboms with fetal distress.Methods Thirty-five newborns with fetal distress (distress group) and 40 healthy new-borns (control group) were studied. Distress group were divided into distress group Ⅰ and distress group Ⅱ respectively, based on without or with neonatal asphyxia. Concentration of umbilical blood lactate was determined with enzyme method, pH, BS,serum total bilirubin (BIL), serum electrolyte (Na+ ,K+ ,Ca2+ ) and OP were analyzed respectively. Results 1. The difference of incidence of newborn asphyxia between distress groups (29.03%) and control group (2.50%) was statistically significant. 2. Compared with the controls and distress group Ⅰ, the umbilical blood lactate concentration significantly increased in distress group Ⅱ (P 0.05).The incidence of hyperglycemia was significantly elevated in distress groups than that in the control group. 4. Lactate concentration in distress I and distress fl group showed negative correlation with pH. Conclusion The concentration of umbilical blood lactate can provide the proof for diagnosis and prognosis of fetal distress.